TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT (Topic -2)

TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT
Following are the types of Development-
1. Physical Development- It is the most recognised and observable change in the life of a child. It includes the gross motor skills, such as walking, jumping, catching etc and the fine motor skills for painting, writing, drawing etc. This development is largely dependent upon the child's health and nutritional status. This development is also called as maturation.

2.Cognitive Development- It focuses on how children learn and process information. As the children grow in age, they can understand their environment by using their senses (such as seeing, listening, touching, smelling and tasting), registering information in their minds and efficiently retrieving it from their memory. This development indicates the development of intelligence.

3. Social and Emotional Development -These are indicators of sound social development among children. The seeds of this social behaviour are sown in infancy itself. Young children also enjoy company of their friends. They develop social skills like sharing, cooperation, patience etc in their interaction with peers and others. According to Hurlock, "Social development means acquisition of the ability to have in accordance with social exceptions".

Emotions are the stimulated or moved state of mind and are excitement or disturbance in feeling of an individual. Emotional development is the ability to control and manage once's emotions. It is important that children in their early childhood are surrounded by people who are emotionally mature and stable and are able to manage their emotions. 

4. Language Development- Interaction with one another through various methods of communication i.e. writing, speaking, sign, language etc but above all language is an important medium of communication. Language is a form of communication that uses words and symbols to express thoughts, desires and feelings.

 5. Moral Development- Moral development deals with the development of ethics or ethical norms, to value the conscience and the ability to judge an act morally. Children cannot make moral judgements until they achieve a certain level of cognitive maturity.

Concept of Development (Topic -1)

Meaning of Development -
Development can be described as growth in physical,mental & emotional state of an individual.
The term 'development' refers to the various qualitative and quantitative changes taking place simultaneously with the changes to growth. Therefore, the development may be defined as a progressive series of manners and coherent changes. The word development indicates that changes related to growth and the moves towards maturity in physical,mental & emotional state of an individual.

It does not consist merely of adding inches to one's height or improving one's ability but it is a complex process of integrating many structures and functions.In the words of Hurlock, the term development means a progressive series of changes that occur in an orderly predictable pattern as a result of maturation and experience.

Characteristics of Development 
The main characteristics of development are as follows: 
A. Development is the result of
     maturation and learning.
B. Development follows a definite and
    predictable patterns.
C. Each period of development involves       certain hazards.
D.Certain characteristic traits are    associated with each phase of development. 
E. Development is not uniform in all            individuals.
F.Development depends on both  heredity  and environment. 
G.Development is gradual and it takes time.
H. Development offers in an orderly manner and follows a certain sequence.
The following sequence is followed in the process of development in human beings
 Infancy ---Early childhood--- Late childhood
--- Adolescence --- Maturity.
I. Development is both Qualitative & Quantitative which begins till conception to death.

   विकास की विशेषताएं विकास की मुख्य विशेषताएं इस प्रकार हैं: विकास परिपक्वता और सीखने का परिणाम है। विकास एक निश्चित और पूर्वानुमानित पैटर्न का अनुसरण करता है। विकास की प्रत्येक अवधि में कुछ ख़तरे शामिल होते हैं। विकास के प्रत्येक चरण के साथ चारित्रिक लक्षण जुड़े होते हैं। सभी व्यक्तियों में विकास एक समान नहीं है। विकास आनुवंशिकता और पर्यावरण दोनों पर निर्भर करता है। विकास क्रमिक है और इसमें समय लगता है|

Continued in next Part........
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Syllabus CTET (CDP)

No. Of Questions asked - 30 Ques.  [1×30]

I. Child Development and Pedagogy-30 Questions

A) Child Development (Elementary School Child)-                   (15Questions)
1. Concept of development and its relationship with learning
2. Principles of the development of children
3. Influence of Heredity & Environment
4. Socialization processes: Social world & children (Teacher, Parents, Peers)
Piaget, Kohlberg and Vygotsky: constructs and critical perspectives
5. Concepts of child-centered and progressive education
6. Critical perspective of the construct of Intelligence
Multi Dimensional Intelligence
8.Language & Thought
9. Gender as a social construct; gender roles, gender-bias and educational practice
10. Individual differences among learners, understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community, religion etc.
11. Distinction between Assessment for learning and assessment of learning; School-Based Assessment, Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation: perspective and practice
12. Formulating appropriate questions for assessing readiness levels of learners; for enhancing learning and critical thinking in the classroom and for assessing learner achievement.

B) Concept of Inclusive education and understanding children with special needs-                                     (5 Questions)

13. Addressing learners from diverse backgrounds including disadvantaged and deprived
14. Addressing the needs of children with learning difficulties, ‘impairment’ etc.
15. Addressing the Talented, Creative, Specially abled Learners

C) Learning and Pedagogy-  (10 Questions)

16. How children think and learn; how and why children ‘fail’ to achieve success in school performance.
17. Basic processes of teaching and learning; children’s strategies of learning; learning as a social activity; social context of learning.
18. Child as a problem solver and a ‘scientific investigator’
19. Alternative conceptions of learning in children, understanding children’s ‘errors’ as significant steps in the learning process.
20. Cognition & Emotions
21. Motivation and learning
Factors contributing to learning – personal & environmental.

CTET Examination Pattern

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) conducts Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) annually to appoint eligible candidates as Teachers for various Central & State Government Schools.

Detailed CTET Exam Pattern 2018

The CTET 2018 Exam Patt

ern for different posts were as follows:

• The questions in the test for Paper I & II will be based on the topics prescribed in NCERT for classes I – V & VI – VIII respectively but their difficulty could be up to the secondary stage.
• Child Development and Pedagogy will focus on Educational Psychology of Teaching and Learning.
• Language 1 & Language 2 (which should be different from Language1).

• CTET will be Objetive in nature.
• The Exam Duration will be 150 minutes.

1. There will be different papers conducted for Teacher applying for Classes I-V & V-VIII.

 Pattern for different posts are as follows:

• CTET will be Objetive in nature.
• The Exam Duration will be 150 minutes.
• There will be different papers conducted for Teacher applying for Classes I-V & V-VIII.

(A) For Classes I-V: Primary Stage

Section	No. of Qs	Max Marks
Child Development & Pedagogy(compulsory)	30	30
Language I (compulsory)	30	30
Language II (compulsory)	30	30
Mathematics and Science (for Mathematics and Science teacher)	30	30
Social Studies/Social Science (for Social Studies/Social Science teacher).               Total -                           150 150 (B) For Classes VI-VIII: Elementary Stage Section No. of Qs Max Marks Child Development & Pedagogy (compulsory) 30 30 Language I (compulsory) 30 30 Language II (compulsory) 30 30 Mathematics and Science (for Mathematics and Science teacher) 60 60 Social Studies/Social Science (for Social Studies/Social Science teacher) Total     150  150 Thank you

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